2014年世界計量日 主題計量應對能源挑戰(zhàn)

Message from the BIPM Director

WORLD METROLOGY DAY 2014

Martin Milton
Director of the BIPM

Measurements and the global energy challenge

The availability of energy from many different sources is vital for our lives today. The well-being of industry, commerce and the maintenance of our quality of life depend on safe, secure, sustainable and affordable energy.

獲取從不同來源的能源對我們今日的生活來說至關重要。無論工商業(yè)的興旺還是維持我們的生活質量，都離不開安全可靠可持續(xù)可擔負的能源。

The challenge of meeting the ever-increasing demand for energy, whilst controlling costs and minimizing damage to the Earth, is leading to the development of new sources of energy and greater efficiency in its use. This progress is only possible because providers and users of energy can have access to a globally recognized basis for the measurement of energy in its many different forms.

如何既滿足日益增長的能源需求又能控制成本并使地球的破壞盡可能小，對我們來說是一項挑戰(zhàn)。它引導我們提高現(xiàn)有能源的利用效率并不斷開發(fā)新能源。而只有在供應方和使用方對于許多不同形式的能源的測量能達成全球共識的基礎上，這項進程才可能開展。

For example, measurements provide the basis for:

·consumers to compare prices from different energy suppliers,

·industry to evaluate the return on exploration for new energy sources, and

·researchers to validate their claims for new energy technologies.

例如，計量是以下的基礎：

消費者得以在不同能源供應商之間比較價格，

企業(yè)的新能源開發(fā)得以回報，

研究者得以驗證新能源技術的要求

All of these are possible because there is access around the world to a measurement system originating from the Metre Convention, and now based on the International System of Units (SI).

所有這一切都是可能的，因為全球都并入了統(tǒng)一的測量體系，它發(fā)端于米制大會，現(xiàn)在稱之為國際單位制。

The measurement of energy has always been one of the central challenges that has shaped our system of base and derived units. The need to measure temperature, electricity and light is motivated by the need to quantify sources of energy and has led to the development of the kelvin, the ampere and the candela, all of which are base units in the SI.

能源測量總是中心挑戰(zhàn)之一，它構成了我們的基本單位和導出單位系統(tǒng)。對能源量化的需求激勵了對溫度、電以及光的測量需求，促進了開爾文、安培、和坎德拉這些SI基本單位的發(fā)展。

The first methods for measuring temperature, electricity and light were developed in the nineteenth century to meet the needs of an industrial revolution powered by coal and gas. Nowadays the challenge of measuring new forms of energy continues to inspire research in metrology. For example, national metrology institutes around the world are working to develop new methods:

第一個測量溫度、電和光的方法，是為了滿足由煤與瓦斯驅動的工業(yè)革命的需要，而于十九世紀發(fā)展起來的。今天，測量新形式能源的挑戰(zhàn)持續(xù)激發(fā)著計量領域的研究。例如，全世界的國家計量機構都在發(fā)展新的方法：

·to ensure that the efficiency of solar photovoltaic technologies is measured accurately,

·to improve the lifetime and performance of the materials used in wind and wave power systems,

·to validate new approaches to reducing emissions from power stations, and

·to underpin the complex commercial transactions taking place in modern electricity grids.

來確保太陽能光伏技術的準確測量

來改善風力和潮汐發(fā)電材料的壽命和性能

來驗證電廠減少氣體排放的新方法

來支撐現(xiàn)代電網中復雜的商業(yè)交易

This research involves collaboration between institutes in different countries and the results feed in to and strengthen the existing infrastructure for the international recognition of measurements. In this way the metrology community contributes to the world-wide efforts to meet the global energy challenge.

這項研究需要各國機構通力合作，其結果傳遞到和加強現(xiàn)有對于測量的國際共識的基礎。這就是計量界對全球能源挑戰(zhàn)的貢獻。

Message from the BIML Director

WORLD METROLOGY DAY 2014

Stephen Patoray
Director the BIML

Measurements and the global energy challenge

When the 2014 WMD topic was first proposed, I began to think about what the global energy challenge is, and the role that measurements and especially legal metrology play in it.

當?shù)谝淮螛嬎?/font>2014世界計量日的主題時，我開始思考全球能源的挑戰(zhàn)是什么，計量，尤其是法制計量又在其中扮演什么樣的角色。

While measurements are central to most basic decisions on energy usage, there are many other aspects of the global energy challenge which are much more complex:

盡管計量在能源使用中基本處于決策的中心環(huán)節(jié)，然而能源挑戰(zhàn)的許多其他方面仍然非常棘手。

§global population growth;全球人口增長

§emerging economies;新興經濟體

§complex technologies;復雜的技術

§increasing consumer demands;增長的消費需求

§higher quality of life;更高的生活質量

§etc.其他

These factors may result in significant increases in demand for all types of energy which in turn may result in environmental changes and pollution. This demand requires redistributing existing energy supplies, increasing energy production and developing alternative energies. It became clear to me that I needed to break this down into smaller, more manageable pieces of information so I could better understand the role of legal metrology.

這些因素可能引起對各種能源需求的巨大增長，這同時也會引起環(huán)境的改變和污染。這個巨大需求需要重新分配能源供給，提高能源產量以及開發(fā)替代能源。顯然，我需要將這些問題分解細化成更易于管理的信息，我才能更好理解法制計量所扮演的角色。

I began to realize that no matter how complex this challenge seems to be, it comes down to individual choices regarding the energy we use in our daily lives. It makes no difference whether we are talking about national or local governments, large or small companies, organizations or individuals. However, to make good choices we need information, much of which is based on measurements. For the results of these measurements to be useful we must have confidence in the instruments and the processes used. To ensure this confidence, the instruments must comply with performance requirements laid down in internationally recognized written standards.

我開始意識到不管這個挑戰(zhàn)看起來多復雜，它都取決于我們每個人日常生活中如何選擇所用的能源。不管我們談論的是國家政府還是地方政府，大企業(yè)還是小公司，組織還是個人，這都沒有區(qū)別。然而，要做出正確選擇，我們需要得到信息，而大部分信息基于測量。測量結果是否有效，來自于我們對所使用的儀器和處理過程的信心。為保證這個信心，儀器性能必須符合國際公認的標準。

Many instruments under legal metrological control are linked to our consumption of energy:

許多儀器受法制計量監(jiān)管用于測量我們的能源消耗：

§some are directly linked, such as gas meters, electricity meters and fuel dispensers;

§一些是直接用于能源計量的，如燃氣表電能表加油機等

§some are indirectly linked, such as the air pressure in the our car tires; and

§一些是間接的，如胎壓表等

§others are linked to the consequences of energy production, such as pollution from power plants, exhaust emissions from our cars, and now, increasingly, the measurement of greenhouse gases.

§其他則是與能源生產的結果有關，例如來自電廠的污染，汽車的尾氣排放，以及當下快速增長的溫室氣體

The vital role that measurements and especially legal metrology play in this global challenge is now very clear to me.

現(xiàn)在對我來說，計量尤其是法制計量在全球能源挑戰(zhàn)所扮演的重要角色是非常明晰了。

As we join together to celebrate World Metrology Day, we should all be aware and be thankful that there are knowledgeable, highly skilled and dedicated people, not just in the legal metrology community but across the many businesses in the energy sectors, who are working every day to ensure that we have the systems in place to provide accurate, internationally accepted equipment and measurements. Thanks to these people we are all able to have confidence in the decisions we make with respect to all the measurements we need in order to address the global energy challenge.

當我們匯聚一堂共同慶祝世界計量日之時，我們應當意識到并感謝那些有知識有技術并為之奉獻的人，不僅僅是法制計量界，還包括許多從事能源相關行業(yè)的人們。正是因為有了他們日夜的工作，確保我們有井井有條的測量系統(tǒng)來提供準確的、國際接受的的設備和測量結果。感謝他們，讓我們對我們的決定有信心，用我們所需要的測量系統(tǒng)來應對全球能源挑戰(zhàn)。

very  good !太好了！

很不錯的資料，開拓眼界

非常不錯，希望大家都重視計量行業(yè)。

還沒到520呢就放出這個啊，今年的效率是不是有點高啊